I’ve used the phrase “political idolatry” before. I know what it means and what most people mean when they say it. And I do think it describes something real: a kind of person whose joy, energy, and will to live orbit around news and activism. But I used to think “political idolatry” was an apt description for a lot of people. Now I’m not so sure. I wonder if what I called political idolatry was more like boredom with everything that’s not politics.
The difference matters. “Idolatry” suggests worship, a deliberate (if subconscious) giving of oneself over to a Greater Thing. My friend Brad East wrote a provocative blog post contemplating what it is that idols offer. He suggests the following four things:
Safety
Power
A future
A name
If we use this list, then I think the tension becomes apparent. Of course, it’s true that many modern people turn to political content (let’s be honest, political content is what most people care about far more than actual politics) in hopes of getting these things. If your party is in power, you might feel safer. If the next four years are secured for your tribe, you’re probably feeling optimistic about the future.
But as I said, political idolatry assumes worship, and worship assumes some kind of confidence in the thing being worshiped. You perform the worship, you wait for the thing worshiped to deliver on its promises, and in the meantime you go about normal life. Question: Do the most political content-addicted folks seem confident to you, even when they win? Are they characterized by performing the ritual and then getting on with normal life as they anticipate the idol’s delivering? Or, do they go from urgent thing to urgent thing, unsatisfied even by victory, always looking for the next thing? Are they Jacob Marley: “I cannot rest, I cannot stay, I cannot linger anywhere.”
Worship doesn’t usually look like this. Neuroticism looks like this. Addiction looks like this. Boredom looks like this.
The language of “political idolatry” is nice because it frames the issue in either/or terms. Either you worship Christ, or you worship politics. And that’s true as far as it goes. But, if the line of thinking above is correct, most people don’t worship politics. Their relationship with politics is not worshipful, it’s neurotic. They are not gratefully receiving the promises of an idol, they are restlessly trying to create their own promises.
So my suggestion is that many cases that have been identified as political idolatry are actually cases of pathological boredom with everything that’s not politics. The best explanation for a neurotically restless relationship with political content is not positive (people worship politics), but negative: People disregard other things.
I think Americans in particular disregard a lot that could furnish their soul better than political content can. For example, Americans don’t read.
54% of adults have a literacy below 6th grade level
45 million are functionally illiterate and read below a 5th grade level
44% of the American adults do not read a book in a year.
Americans have few—and increasingly zero—friends:
[D]espite renewed interest in the topic of friendship in popular culture and the news media, signs suggest that the role of friends in American social life is experiencing a pronounced decline. The May 2021 American Perspectives Survey finds that Americans report having fewer close friendships than they once did, talking to their friends less often, and relying less on their friends for personal support.
Single Americans are not going on dates.
57% were “Not currently looking for a relationship or casual dates”, 7% were looking for “Casual dates only”, 22% were interested in “Either a committed romantic relationship or casual dates”, and only 13% were interested in “A committed romantic relationship only.”
And older Americans are not having grandchildren:
[A] growing number of Gen Xers and baby boomers are facing the sometimes painful fact that they are never going to become grandparents. A little more than half of adults 50 and older had at least one grandchild in 2021, down from nearly 60 percent in 2014. Amid falling birthrates, more U.S. adults say they’re unlikely to ever have children for a variety of reasons, chief among them: They just don’t want to.
Now what do reading, friends, dates, and grandchildren have in common? They are all attention-absorbent. They fill the heart and the calendar. Yes, it’s possible to be a political junkie and read widely, have lots of friends, be madly in love, and play with your grandkids. But all these things put natural limits on how much you can obsess over the latest White House press conference, or how closely you can follow the allegations of voter fraud/suppression/whatever in the swing states. On the other hand, scrolling the Internet and watching TV—two activities that are not in decline—are very friendly to political gluttony. The obsessive energy that gets called “idolatry” many times is, I think, an inevitable symptom of a bored, listless life.
There is a sense in which this is actually worse than political idolatry. If you call people to repent from worshiping politics, you can lay out Christ and gospel preaching in front of them, and the offer is kind of “take it or leave it.” Worship politics or worship Jesus. And some folks will feel convicted in a vague sort of way and recommit themselves to worshiping Jesus, by which they mostly mean reading the Bible more often than they check social media.
But if the situation is less about idolatry and more like a decrepit attention-life, the solution is far more invasive. You actually have to talk about stuff they think you have no business talking about—their friends, their hobbies, their love life, their choices. If you want to see someone mildly provoked, tell them to stop worshiping politics. If you want to see them legitimately furious, tell them to get married and have babies.
And isn’t it the case that our anger often reveals the true idol? The things we snarl about are the things closest to our hearts. To know what we love we have to know what we clutch. So maybe the way Christians talk about politics and American life could benefit from a realization that the real idolatry is one that is dug down deep into our lifestyles and sense of self. Instead of asking, “What do we love,” maybe we should ask, “What do we not love?” Remember that the Book of Common Prayer actually repents of sins of omission before sins of commission:
We have left undone those things which we ought to have done; And we have done those things which we ought not to have done; And there is no health in us.
I think idolatry is a broad enough category that it should regularly be applied to politics. I think Brad East only focused on a narrow aspect of idolatry (what idols promises) and you relate this to gratefully receiving blessings from the idol. But idolatry is much more.
I agree with your concern about "idol" language being used in cheap ways that stifle discussion and make something a binary "yes or no" question. I just think the solution to this is to better define idolatry rather than neglect so many biblical teachings which relate to idolatry.
For example, the bronze snake was made to be be looked at (Num 21:8-9) and yet in 2 Kings 18:1-4 we learn that it become an idol for the people. I just raise this as one example of an object that can be categorized in different ways in different contexts. It's not "take it or leave it" but rather a helpful call to reflect on if our hearts are more geared toward materiality or God.
You distinguish between idolatry and neuroticism, and idolatry and pathological boredom. But I'd argue that the bible connects these concepts. In Deuteronomy 4, Moses tells the people that once they start serving other gods and practicing idolatry (4:25-27) that they will realize the futility and impotence of the gods (4:28) and therefore they will seek after the Lord in their searching for true life (4:29-30). This passages corresponds with Deut 30 ("choose life... for the Lord your God is your life") but also with Deut 28, where after serving idols, Moses tells them they will have "a trembling heart and failing eyes and a languishing soul.... Night and day you shall be in dread and have no assurance of your life." According to Scripture, idols don't fulfil people emotionally, they don't "make them confident" nor the ability to get on with their lives. Just the opposite!
A primary point of the OT's teaching on idolatry is that they do not deliver on their promises, that the anxiety that causes one to build and worship an idol is just another expansion of that anxiety. 2 Kings 17:15 - "they went after worthless idols and themselves became worthless."
I'm working on this for my PhD so I couldn't help but add some thoughts. I actually think your final chapter in Digital Liturgies relates to idolatry too.
Cavanaugh's The Uses of Idolatry is helpful for seeing idolatry in all of life (similar to Keller's book on the same subject). Beale gets into the negative effects of idols in We Become What We Worship. Wright's 5th chapter in The Mission of God is a good summary of the different facets of idolatry, and while I don't agree with him everywhere, I think he does bring some helpful connections between idolatry and politics in "Here Are Your Gods".
Also, I think Ellul's unpacking of Propaganda, especially in how he talks about human insecurity and our yearing for someone to "make sense of things" gets at what you're talking about. Here's how he puts it:
"... all propaganda develops the cult of personality. This is particularly true in a democracy. There one exalts the individual, who refuses to be anonymous, rejects the ‘mass,” and eschews mechanization. He wants a human regime where men are human beings. He needs a government whose leaders are human beings. And propaganda must show them to him as such. It must create these personalities. To be sure, the object at this level is not idolatry, but idolatry cannot fail to follow if the propaganda is done well. Whether such idolatry is given to a man in uniform bursting with decorations, or a man in work shirt and cap, or a man wearing a business suit and soft hat makes no difference; those are simple adaptations of propaganda to the feelings of the masses. The democratic masses will reject the uniform, but idolize the soft hat if it is well presented."
I think the way in which some people regard certain soft red hats is idolatry. It is idolatry *because* it is a product of a bored, listless life, rather then the product of someone who finds their life and rest in God.
"If you want to see someone mildly provoked, tell them to stop worshiping politics. If you want to see them legitimately furious, tell them to get married and have babies." ...probably the greatest sentence I've read this year! It's become fashionable in the last 100 years or so to view the calling of Genesis ("get married, have kids, tend your gardens") as optional. It isn't...its repeated to the people in exile (Jeremiah 29) and then throughout the New Testament. But this doesn't elevate marriage over singleness...the mistake moderns have made is to view either marriage or singleness as options rather than callings. God doesn't give us a choice, as if we get to pick off the menu. As Christians, our lives do not belong to us...they have been bought at a price. But in an era of rights, choices and freedoms (as defined by me, myself and I), the idea that I don't get to pick my own story is anathema to my modern sensibilities. And I will stubbornly go on choosing my own destiny, furious with anyone who suggests otherwise, and baptising the whole lot in a lukewarm, modern, western, evangelical bathwater.
I don't know if you know what sort of sacred rake you may have stepped on, and if you did by mistake on purpose, kudos! We entitled, comfort seeking, ducks in a row, on the right side of history, winsome, evangelical Christians don't like any applications that point our way. A pox on you...I guess? I need to go and take a shower to scrub off some of the conviction...